Unit-I: Introduction to Substantive Criminal Law

1. Definition of Crime.

2. Extent and operation of the Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita,2023

3. Constituents Elements of Crime: Actus Reus and Mens rea

4. General Explanations (Section 2 and 3 BNS)

5. Punishments (Section 4 – 13 BNS), Sentencing policy in India

Unit-II: General Exceptions (Sections 14-44 BNS, 2023)

1. Mistake

2. Judicial and Executive acts

3. Accident

4. Necessity

5. Infancy

6. Insanity

7. Intoxication

8. Consent

9. Good Faith

10. Private Defense against Body and Property

Unit-III: Incoherent Forms of Crime

1. Joint and Constructive Liability, Riot, Affray.

2. Criminal Conspiracy

3. Attempt

4. Abetment of offences including suicide.

Unit-IV: Offences against State, Public Tranquility, Religion, Public health and Morals

1. Waging war (Sec. 147, 148), Act endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India (Sec. 152 BNS)

2. Promoting enmity between different groups (Sec. 196)

3. Offences against religion (Sec 298- 302)

4. Public Nuisance (Sec. 270) Offences affecting the Public Health, safety, Convenience, Decency and Morals (Sec 271-297).